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John Adams

Nixon in China

Opera

Stage

Nixon in China is an opera in three acts by John Adams with a libretto by Alice Goodman. Adams's first opera, it was inspired by U.S. president Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to the People's Republic of China. The work premiered at the Houston Grand Opera on October 22, 1987, in a production by Peter Sellars with choreography by Mark Morris. When Sellars approached Adams with the idea for the opera in 1983, Adams was initially reluctant, but eventually decided that the work could be a study in how myths come to be, and accepted the project. Goodman's libretto was the result of considerable research into Nixon's visit, though she disregarded most sources published after the 1972 trip.

From Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Synopsis

Time: February 1972.
Place: In and around Peking.

Act I

At Peking Airport, contingents of the Chinese military await the arrival of the American presidential aircraft "Spirit of '76", carrying Nixon and his party. The military chorus sings the Three Rules of Discipline and Eight Points for Attention. After the aircraft touches down, Nixon emerges with Pat Nixon and Henry Kissinger. The president exchanges stilted greetings with the Chinese premier, Chou En-lai, who heads the welcoming party. Nixon speaks of the historical significance of the visit, and of his hopes and fears for the encounter ("News has a kind of mystery"). The scene changes to Chairman Mao's study, where the chairman awaits the arrival of the presidential party. Nixon and Kissinger enter with Chou, and Mao and the president converse in banalities as photographers record the scene. In the discussion that follows, the westerners are confused by Mao's gnomic and frequently impenetrable comments, which are amplified by his secretaries and often by Chou. The scene changes again, to the evening's banquet in the Great Hall of the People. Chou toasts the American visitors ("We have begun to celebrate the different ways") and Nixon responds ("I have attended many feasts"), after which the toasts continue as the atmosphere becomes increasingly convivial. Nixon, a politician who rose to prominence on anti-communism, announces: "Everyone, listen; just let me say one thing. I opposed China, I was wrong".

  1. Scene I. "Soldiers of heaven hold the sky" (Chorus)
  2. Scene I. Beginning
  3. Scene II. "News has a kind of mystery:" (Nixon, Chou En-lai, Kissinger)
  4. Scene II. "The people are the heroes now" (Chorus)
  5. Scene II. "Your flight was smooth, I hope?" (Chou En-lai, Nixon)
  6. Scene II. Landing of the Spirit of '76
  7. Scene II: Beginning - I Can't Talk Very Well. My Throat… (Mao, Nixon, Chou, Kissinger, 3 Secretaries)
  8. Scene II: Founders Come First, Then Profiteers (Mao, 3 Secretaries, Nixon, Chou, Kissinger)
  9. Scene II: Like the Ming Tombs (Nixon, 3 Secretaries, Mao, Chou)
  10. Scene II: We No Longer Need Confucius (Mao, 3 Secretaries)
  11. Scene II: You Know We'll Meet With Your Confrere, the Democratic Candidate (Mao, Nixon, Kissinger)
  12. Scene II: You've Said That There's a Certain Well-Known Tree (Chou, Nixon, Mao, Kissinger, 3 Secretaries)
  13. Scene III. "Ladies and Gentlemen, Comrades and Friends," (Chou En-lai)
  14. Scene III. "Mr. Premier, distinguished guests," (Nixon)
  15. Scene III: Beginning - The Night Is Young (Nixon, Pat, Chou, Kissinger, Chorus)
  16. Scene III: Cheers! (Chorus, Nixon, Chou, Pat, Kissinger)
  1. Act II Scene 1: Look Down at the Earth (Chorus, Pat)

Act II

Pat Nixon is touring the city, with guides. Factory workers present her with a small model elephant which, she delightedly informs them, is the symbol of the Republican Party which her husband leads. She visits a commune where she is greeted enthusiastically, and is captivated by the children's games that she observes in the school. "I used to be a teacher many years ago", she sings, "and now I'm here to learn from you". She moves on to the Summer Palace, where in a contemplative aria ("This is prophetic") she envisages a peaceful future for the world. In the evening the presidential party, as guests of Mao's wife Chiang Ch'ing, attends the Peking Opera for a performance of a political ballet-opera The Red Detachment of Women. This depicts the downfall of a cruel and unscrupulous landlord's agent (played by an actor who strongly resembles Kissinger) at the hands of brave women revolutionary workers. The action deeply affects the Nixons; at one point Pat rushes onstage to help a peasant girl she thinks is being whipped to death. As the stage action ends, Chiang Ch'ing, angry at the apparent misinterpretation of the piece's message, sings a harsh aria ("I am the wife of Mao Tse-tung"), praising the Cultural Revolution and glorifying her own part in it. A revolutionary chorus echoes her words.

  1. Scene 1: At Last the Weather's Warming Up (Pat)
  2. Scene 1: Beginning - I Don't Daydream and Don't Look Back (Pat)
  3. Scene I. "This is prophetic!" (Pat Nixon)
  4. Scene II. "I am the wife of Mao Tse-tung" (Chiang Ch'ing)
  5. Scene II. "Oh what a day / I thought I'd die!" (Kissinger (as Lao Szu), Chorus (as Wu Ching-hua))
  6. Scene II. "Whip her to death!" (Kissinger (as Lao Szu), Pat Nixon, Nixon)
  7. Scene II. Opening (Chorus)
  8. Scene II: Flesh Rebels (Chorus as Militia)
  9. Scene II: I Have My Brief (Kissinger as Lao Szu, Nixon)
  10. Scene II: It Seems So Strange (Chorus as Ching-hua, Chiang Ch'ing, Pat, Nixon, 3 Secretaries)
  11. Scene II: Tropical Storm: There There, There There (Pat)

Act III

On the last evening of the visit, as they lie in their respective beds, the chief protagonists muse on their personal histories in a surreal series of interwoven dialogues. Nixon and Pat recall the struggles of their youth; Nixon evokes wartime memories ("Sitting round the radio"). Mao and Chiang Ch'ing dance together, as the Chairman remembers "the tasty little starlet" who came to his headquarters in the early days of the revolution. As they reminisce, Chiang Ch'ing asserts that "the revolution must not end". Chou meditates alone; the opera finishes on a thoughtful note with his aria "I am old and I cannot sleep", asking: "How much of what we did was good?" The early morning birdcalls are summoning him to resume his work, while "outside this room the chill of grace lies heavy on the morning grass".

  1. "After that - / The sweat / Had soaked my uniform" (Nixon, Pat Nixon, Mao, Chou En-lai)
  2. "I Can Keep Still," (Chiang Ch'ing)
  3. "I am Old and I Cannot Sleep" (Chou En-lai)
  4. "I have no offspring." (Chou En-lai, Mao, Chiang Ch'ing)
  5. "Let Us Examine What You Did." (Mao, Chiang Ch'ing, Chou En-lai)
  6. "Peking Watches the Stars," (Chiang Ch'ing, Mao)
  7. "When I Woke Up" (Nixon, Pat Nixon)
  8. "You Won at Poker." (Pat Nixon, Nixon)
  9. Beginning
  10. I Am No One (Mao, Chou, Kissinger, Chiang Ch'ing, Pat)
  11. Sitting Around the Radio (Nixon, Pat)
  12. Some Men You Cannot Satisfy (Kissinger, Nixon, Pat, Chou, Chiang Ch'ing)
  13. The Maos Dance (Chiang Ch'ing, Mao, Pat, Nixon, Chou)
  14. When I Woke Up I Dimly Realized the Jap Bombers Had Given Us a Miss (Nixon, Pat)

Synopsis from Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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