Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District, op. 29

Although the opera shares the basic characters and outline of Leskov's novella, it differs from the original story in plot detail and emphasis. One example occurs in the convict convoy scene after Katerina gives Sergei her stockings: in the opera, all the women mock Katerina, whereas in the novella Sergei and Sonyetka mock her while Fiona and Gordyushka shame them in response to their cruelty.

Scene 1: Katerina's room

Katerina is unhappily married to Zinovy, a provincial flour merchant. She complains to herself of her loneliness. Her father-in-law, Boris, angered at her response to his saying that mushrooms are his favourite dish, says that her loneliness is her fault because she has not produced an heir. She replies that Zinovy cannot give her a child, which Boris disdains. He then threatens her if she decides to accept a youthful lover. Zinovy is called away on business, and Boris, against his son's inclinations, makes Katerina swear before an icon to be faithful. A servant, Aksinya, tells Katerina about the womanising new clerk, Sergei.
Scene 2: The Izmailovs' yard
Sergei and his comrades are sexually harassing Aksinya. Katerina intervenes. She berates him for his machismo and asserts that women are as brave and capable as men. Sergei is willing to prove her wrong, and they wrestle; she is thrown down and Sergei falls on top of her. Boris appears. Katerina says that she tripped and Sergei fell while trying to help her. The other peasants back her up. Boris is suspicious and roars at the peasants, telling them to get back to work, before ordering Katerina to fry some mushrooms for him and threatening to tell Zinovy about her behaviour.
Scene 3: Katerina's room
Katerina prepares to go to bed. Sergei knocks on her door with the excuse that he wants to borrow a book because he cannot sleep, but Katerina has none; she cannot read. As she is about to close the door, he attempts to seduce her by recalling their wrestling match earlier that day. He enters the room and forces himself on her. Afterwards, she tells him to leave, but he refuses and she agrees to begin an affair with him. Boris knocks on the door and confirms that Katerina is in bed, then locks her in. Sergei is trapped in the room, and the two have sex again.

Scene 4: The yard

One night a week later, Boris, unable to sleep because of unease about thieves, is walking in the courtyard in the pre-dawn darkness. Remembering his own days as a young rake and knowing Zinovy's low libido, he considers seducing Katerina himself in order to fulfil his son's marital duties. He spots Sergei climbing out of Katerina's window. He catches him and publicly whips him as a burglar, then has him locked up. Katerina witnesses this but cannot stop it because she remains locked in her room. When she eventually climbs down the drainpipe, the other servants restrain her on Boris's order. Exhausted after beating Sergei, Boris demands a meal, saying that he will whip Sergei again the next day, and sends a servant to recall Zinovy, telling him to say that there is trouble at home. Katerina adds rat poison to mushrooms and gives them to Boris. As he dies, calling for a priest, she retrieves the keys to free Sergei. The priest, called by the arriving morning shift of workers who find Boris in agony, arrives; Boris vainly tries to say that he was poisoned and falls back dead, pointing at Katerina. Katerina, weeping crocodile tears, convinces the priest that Boris accidentally ate poisonous mushrooms, and he says a prayer over Boris's body.
Scene 5: Katerina's room
Katerina and Sergei are together. Sergei says that their affair will have to end because Zinovy is about to return, and that he wishes he and Katerina could marry. Katerina assures him that they will marry but refuses to tell him how she will arrange it. Sergei falls asleep; Katerina is tormented by Boris's ghost and cannot sleep. Later she hears Zinovy returning. He has been called back by one of the servants with news of his father's death. Although Sergei hides, Zinovy sees his trousers and belt and guesses the truth. As he and Katerina quarrel, he whips her with the belt. Hearing Katerina's cries, Sergei emerges and confronts Zinovy, who then tries to escape and call the servants. Katerina stops him: she and Sergei strangle him, and Sergei finishes him off with a blow to the head from a heavy candlestick. The lovers hide the corpse in the wine cellar.

Scene 6: Near the cellar

Following Zinovy's disappearance, he is presumed dead. Katerina and Sergei prepare to get married, but she is tormented by the knowledge that Zinovy's corpse is hidden in the wine cellar. Sergei reassures her, and they leave for the wedding ceremony. A drunken peasant breaks into the cellar, finds Zinovy's body and goes to fetch the police.
Scene 7: The police station
The police complain about not being invited to the wedding and vainly try to distract themselves by tormenting a socialist schoolteacher for his alleged atheism, when the peasant arrives and gives them the opportunity for revenge.
Scene 8: The Izmailov garden
Everyone is drunk at the wedding. Katerina sees that the cellar door is open, but the police arrive as she and Sergei try to escape.

Scene 9: A temporary convict camp near a bridge

On the way to katorga in Siberia, Katerina bribes a guard to allow her to meet Sergei. He blames her for everything. After she leaves, Sergei tries to seduce another convict, Sonyetka, who demands a pair of stockings as her price. Sergei tricks Katerina into giving him hers, and then gives them to Sonyetka. Sonyetka and the other convicts taunt Katerina, who pushes Sonyetka into an icy river and falls in herself. They are swept away, and the convict train moves on.